Final answer:
Black churches were one of the few organizations controlled by African Americans post-Civil War. They served as spiritual centers and were instrumental in social and political activism, including the abolitionist movement, often establishing autonomy from White-controlled churches.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to historical accounts, Black churches were among the only organizations that were controlled by African Americans, especially after the Civil War during the process of emancipation. This control was not just about religious practices but extended to socio-political autonomy. Black congregations often severed ties with White-controlled churches to form their own autonomous institutions. These institutions not only catered to the spiritual needs of the African American population but also became vital in the struggle against racial oppression, facilitating education, and providing social services.
Churches such as the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church openly opposed racism and played a significant role in the political activism of the era, including the abolitionist movement. The Free Church Movement in the North was another example where Black congregations formed independently in direct opposition to religious teachings that supported slavery and the prevalent racism towards African Americans.
In some cases, churches were co-opted by White interests or corporations, but many leaders, such as Albert Cleage Jr., fought to retain the independence of Black churches.