Final answer:
Nietzsche's perspectivism and the Will to Power were indirectly influenced by German Idealist philosophy, such as Kant's, although Nietzsche has also been known to critique Idealism. His concepts can be seen as extensions or responses to the issues raised by this philosophical tradition, particularly concerning knowledge and human agency. The correct option is a) Nietzsche's perspectivalism and Will to Power were directly derived from Kant's doctrines.
Step-by-step explanation:
To what extent Nietzsche's concepts of perspectivism and the Will to Power were influenced by German Idealists, particularly Kant's ideas, is a subject of some debate among scholars.
Nietzsche himself was critical of German Idealism, yet it is clear that he was also responding to the tradition that Kant and others established. The correct answer is d) Nietzsche's concepts of perspectivism and the Will to Power were indirectly influenced by certain aspects of German Idealism, including Kant's philosophy.
While there is no evidence of a direct derivation of these concepts from Kant, Nietzsche's engagement with the issues raised by German Idealism, including the nature of reality, knowledge, and the subject, likely shaped his own philosophical outlook.
Nietzsche's idea of Perspectivalism asserts that all knowledge is bound to perspectives and interpretations rather than objective truths, which can be seen as a radical extension of Kant's critique of pure reason, where the limits of knowledge are bound by the conditions of human experience.
Additionally, Nietzsche's Will to Power - his assertion that the fundamental human drive is the exertion of power over others, not only for survival but also for the expansion of one's influence and dominance - similarly engages with Idealist concerns about the role of human agency, though Nietzsche takes it in a direction far removed from the ethical framework Kant envisioned. The correct option is a) Nietzsche's perspectivalism and Will to Power were directly derived from Kant's doctrines.