Final answer:
To distinguish true arguments from fallacious and evidence-free ones, evaluate the logic and evidence presented. Consider the presence of logical fallacies and assess the strength of the evidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order to distinguish true arguments from fallacious and evidence-free ones, you need to evaluate the logic and evidence presented in the argument. One way to assess the logic is to check if the argument follows a valid structure and if the premises logically support the conclusion. If there are any logical fallacies present, such as irrelevant evidence or diversionary tactics, it indicates a fallacious argument.
Regarding evidence, you should examine whether it is empirical (based on facts), a principle (with possible exceptions), or a conceptual claim (potentially open to counterexamples). If the evidence is weak or lacks substantial support, it suggests an evidence-free argument.
It is also important to consider the field of study or discipline in which the argument is presented. Different fields have different requirements for acceptable evidence. Analyze the types of arguments and evidence commonly used in that field to understand what counts as proof of truth.
Lastly, it is crucial to approach information critically and scrutinize the source of the claim, the motivations behind it, the justification provided, and the consensus among experts. This helps to avoid being misled by unfounded claims or biased perspectives.