Question

I've heard of many functions of the prefrontal cortex (e.g. creativity, working memory, abstract thought, inhibition, planning, executive function, etc...).

But I'd like to know what its primary function is? For example is there any one function it has which facilitates all of its other functions? Or is there a known reason why it evolved in the first place?

Answer 1

The prefrontal cortex is primarily responsible for executive functions that include planning, decision-making, and inhibition. Damage to this area can significantly affect personality and behavior, as exemplified by Phineas Gage's case. Its evolution is thought to provide the necessary adaptability for complex interactions and survival strategies.

Step-by-step explanation:

The primary function of the prefrontal cortex is to manage executive functions, which serve as the control center for orchestrating thought and action in accordance with internal goals.

Its role encompasses numerous cognitive abilities including planning, decision-making, problem-solving, working memory, judgment, abstract reasoning, and inhibition.

The prefrontal cortex allows a person to plan actions and behaviors, inhibit inappropriate behavior, and consider the future consequences of current activities.

The case of Phineas Gage illustrates that damage to the prefrontal cortex can result in altered personality, suggesting the region's importance in personality determination and social behavior.

The evolution of the prefrontal cortex is believed to provide the flexibility and adaptability necessary for complex social interactions, tool use, and survival strategies within varied environments.