Final answer:
The use of word pairs such as man/woman; and earth/heaven in the context of parallelism is known as antithetical parallelism, which emphasizes contrasts between the paired elements. Option 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of parallelism that uses 'word pairs' such as man/woman; and earth/heaven is known as antithetical parallelism.
This style of parallelism establishes a contrast or opposition between two ideas. It emphasizes the difference between paired elements, which can be words, phrases, or entire sentences.
An example of antithetical parallelism could be 'To err is human; to forgive, divine.' This sentence contrasts the human propensity to make mistakes with the godlike quality of forgiveness.
Metaphors and similes are distinct from parallelism, although they are also rhetorical devices used in writing.
A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn't true but helps explain an idea or make a comparison.
A simile, on the other hand, makes a comparison using the words 'like' or 'as'. These rhetorical devices are not forms of parallelism but can be used in conjunction with it for added effect.
Hence, the right answer is option 2.