Final answer:
Malcolm X's perspective was greatly influenced by his father's Garveyite ideals and Malcolm's education while in prison, which led him to advocate for black nationalism and self-determination.
Step-by-step explanation:
Other than the Nation of Islam, critical influences on Malcolm X's perspective on African American life in the United States include the legacy of his father, a Black Baptist preacher and Garveyite, and Malcolm's own education during his imprisonment. The teachings and philosophy of Marcus Garvey, represented by his father Earl Little's activism, instilled in Malcolm a strong sense of racial pride and the importance of black self-reliance.
Additionally, Malcolm X's transformation in prison, catalyzed by his self-education and subsequent discovery of Islam, profoundly shaped his worldview. This personal revival led Malcolm to become a powerful advocate for black nationalism and civil rights, emphasizing the need for African Americans to control their own communities and pursue empowerment independent of white society.