Final answer:
The incorrect statement according to Paul's letter to the Romans is that both Jews and Gentiles can be made right with God by being circumcised, being baptized, and obeying the Law. Paul taught that salvation was through faith in Jesus Christ's death and resurrection for all people, marking a shift to a universal Christianity.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Paul's letter to the Romans, the statement concerning both Jews and Gentiles that is not true is: 4) They both can be made right with God by being circumcised, being baptized, and obeying the Law. Paul's teachings emphasized that salvation was available to all through faith in Jesus Christ. He argued that both Jews and Gentiles were on equal footing before God and could be reconciled with Him through belief in Jesus' death and resurrection, not by adherence to the Jewish Law, circumcision, or any other ritual. The key theme of Paul’s teachings was the universal availability of salvation, breaking away from the idea that religious rituals mandated by the Jewish law were necessary for righteousness before God.
Paul's views contributed significantly to the understanding that Christianity was not exclusive to the Jewish people, but a universal religion open to everyone, regardless of their ethnic background. This was a radical shift from the Jewish messianic expectations and aligned with the concept of spiritual equality that Jesus himself had preached. This developing theology played a crucial role in the spread of Christianity among Gentiles throughout the Roman Empire.