Final answer:
The Marxist Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) put up stiff resistance to Portuguese colonialism, leading to Mozambique’s independence in 1975, following historical challenges by Somali-Ottoman alliance and the Omani Sultanate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The empire that put up stiff resistance to Portuguese colonialism in modern-day Mozambique was the Marxist Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO). Unlike Britain, France, and Belgium, Portugal considered its colonies integral parts of Portugal and faced a variety of independence movements across its territories. In Mozambique, resistance was particularly pronounced, with FRELIMO fighting for independence through a guerrilla war. After much opposition, Mozambique eventually became independent in 1975.
In addition to FRELIMO, historical resistance includes the Somali-Ottoman alliance and the Omani Sultanate, which challenged Portuguese control in the region during the 1500s and 1600s. Moreover, nationalistic acts of resistance were displayed by figures such as Queen Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba against Portuguese encroachment in Angola. Despite becoming independent, Mozambique endured a violent civil war from 1977 to 1992, showing the prolonged impact of resistance against Portuguese influence.