Final answer:
The Shona name for the Zimbabwean Wars of Independence is 'Chimurenga.' The second Chimurenga, or Rhodesian Bush War, started in 1966 and led to the establishment of Zimbabwe as an independent republic in 1980 with Robert Mugabe as prime minister.
Step-by-step explanation:
Zimbabwean Wars of Independence
The Shona name for the Zimbabwean Wars of Independence is commonly known as Chimurenga, a term which also has broader connotations of struggle for justice and political sovereignty. The second Chimurenga, often referred to in English as the Rhodesian Bush War, began in 1966. This conflict was a result of the white minority government's unilateral declaration of independence from the United Kingdom in 1965, led by Prime Minister Ian Smith.
After prolonged military conflict and negotiated talks, the Lancaster House Agreement was signed in 1979, leading to recognized independence and the establishment of the Republic of Zimbabwe in 1980. Robert Mugabe, from ZANU, became the nation's first prime minister.