Final answer:
A neuron recovers after hyperpolarization as the sodium-potassium ATPase and potassium leakage channels work together to restore the ionic balance and bring the membrane potential back to its resting state.
Step-by-step explanation:
A neuron recovers from after hyperpolarization primarily through the action of the sodium-potassium ATPase, which restores the ionic concentrations necessary for the resting potential. During the repolarization phase, despite returning the membrane potential toward the resting level (-70 mV), the potassium channels remain open for a while and overshoot, leading to a temporary state of hyperpolarization. The Na+/K+ pump actively transports Na+ ions out of the neuron and K+ ions back into the cell, correcting the ionic imbalances. Additionally, potassium leakage channels allow for the outward diffusion of excess K+, which helps the cell membrane potential return to the resting state.