Final answer:
To mark occupied bee holes without causing harm, use a non-toxic, water-based paint on the material used to cap the holes.
Step-by-step explanation:
To mark occupied bee holes without using anything harmful, you can use a non-toxic, water-based paint. This way, you can easily distinguish between occupied and vacant holes without posing any harm to the bees or larvae. Simply apply a small dot of the paint on the material used to cap the holes. The water-based paint will not harm the bees or larvae since it does not contain any harmful solvents or chemicals.