Final answer:
Plants produce secondary metabolites and hormones that serve various defensive roles, safeguarding against herbivores and pathogens. Metabolites can repel or poison predators, while hormones can trigger defensive responses. Biopesticides derived from these plant compounds are used in organic farming to control pests sustainably.
Step-by-step explanation:
Plants produce a variety of biochemical compounds, many of which are not directly involved in their growth or photosynthesis, but instead serve protective functions. Secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds, may act as deterrents against herbivores and pathogens due to their toxic properties. These compounds can cause adverse effects like repelling taste, noxious odors, or even toxicity when ingested, thus playing a crucial role in a plant's defense mechanism.
Plant hormones, on the other hand, are chemicals that influence plant growth and development, such as auxins and gibberellins. However, plants also produce hormones in response to biotic stress, such as pathogens and herbivory. This can result in the production of substances like phytoalexins that can kill invaders, or triggering a hypersensitive response to prevent the spread of infection.
Biopesticides are a class of natural compounds derived from plants that serve as deterrents or toxins to pests, offering an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides. They are utilized in organic farming systems as part of integrated pest management strategies.