Final answer:
An aromatic ring is found in aromatic hydrocarbons and is characterized by a planar structure of sp² hybridized atoms with a specific number of π-electrons. Benzene, with alternating single and double bonds, exemplifies this structure, requiring significant energy from electrophiles for reactions to occur.
Step-by-step explanation:
An aromatic ring is a crucial characteristic of aromatic hydrocarbons, which include a planar cycle of sp²-hybridized atoms with π-electrons following the 4n+2 rule, where n is a positive integer. Benzene, composed of a six-carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds, is the most fundamental aromatic structure.
Electrophiles that react with aromatic rings must provide enough energy to break the relatively stable aromatic π-bonding system, which typically requires more energy than breaking the π-bonds in alkenes due to the additional stability conferred by aromaticity.