Final answer:
The essay addresses the varying perspectives on what is considered 'literature,' where texts like popular magazines and Calculus textbooks are regarded as 'less literary' because they lack lasting impact and use of literary devices. It also explores the subjectivity of literary quality and illustrates through Gerald Graff's experiences the transformative potential of engaging with literary theory and critical discussion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The essay "Literature: Now, What Do They Mean by That?" sheds light on the concept of what constitutes “literature” and prompts readers to consider why some texts, like popular magazines and Calculus textbooks, are deemed “less literary”. Popular magazines are often viewed as less literary because they are designed for quick entertainment and tend to fade from relevancy rapidly. They typically lack the use of literary devices and aren't crafted to leave a lasting, meaningful impression. Calculus textbooks, while valuable educational resources, are not considered literature due to their objective, informational content that does not engage with themes or employ figurative language. Conversely, enduring works like Shakespeare's “Hamlet” embody the qualities of 'literary' works through their exploration of profound themes and masterful use of rhetorical devices.
Literary quality can also be subjective, as the works that resonate with readers may not always align with the criteria set by critics and scholars. The merit of a piece of writing, such as determining what is “good” literature, often leads to debates among scholars, reflecting a divergence in opinion between academic assessments and popular tastes. Additionally, George Orwell's consideration of “readable” versus “bad” literature challenges the notion of a definitive literary hierarchy.
In understanding literature's value, Gerald Graff's experience highlights the significance of literary theory and critical discussion in appreciating literature's application to one's own experiences. Through the discussions and analogies provided by literature, readers can connect on a more personal level with the texts and discover new interpretations and meanings. Moreover, literature serves as a cultural relic, mirroring both the positive and negative qualities of the society from which it springs, and thus deserves careful analysis.