Final answer:
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Turborotalita quinqueloba are two species of planktonic foraminifera that occur in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions and are commonly used in studies on glacial melting.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are two species of planktonic foraminifera that occur in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions: Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Turborotalita quinqueloba. These species are commonly used in studies investigating the influence of glacial melting on the 18O signature of foraminifera shells. While there may be other species of foraminifera that occur in both regions, these two species are well-documented and widely studied.