Final answer:
Researchers can list coding and noncoding genomic regions linked to significant SNPs by using GWAS, genomic mapping, sequencing technologies, and microarray analysis to identify and study genetic variations and their impact on gene regulation and disease susceptibility.
Step-by-step explanation:
To list coding and noncoding regions of the genome linked to significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), researchers use genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other genomic mapping techniques. Such studies involve comparing SNP distributions between different populations, or between individuals with and without specific traits or diseases. Key methodologies include identifying marker SNPs from large databases like the International HapMap Project, which tracks SNP groups that tend to be inherited together. Utilizing advanced sequencing technologies and techniques like microarray analysis, genetic markers like restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs), and SNP genotyping help in mapping these regions.
DNA sequencing and analysis reveal variations within the genome, such as SNPs, which may play roles in gene regulation and the potential susceptibility to various diseases. While coding regions relate directly to protein synthesis, noncoding regions, once thought of as 'junk DNA', are now recognized for their roles in regulating gene expression and contributing to genomic evolution. Techniques such as ChIP and DamID help researchers isolate and analyze these genomic regions, providing further insight into their interactions with proteins and their broader biological significance.