Final answer:
The four basic steps of a nonviolent campaign include: fact-finding to ascertain injustices, negotiation, self-purification, and direct action. Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Mohandas Gandhi embodied these steps in their peaceful movements for change.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four basic steps that a nonviolent campaign must follow are:
- Collection of the facts to determine whether injustices are alive.
- Negotiation with adversaries for fair resolution.
- Self-purification to prepare mentally and physically for nonviolent action.
- Direct action to precipitate negotiations if they have failed.
These principles were practiced by leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Mohandas Gandhi, who led powerful movements for social change without the use of violence, using nonviolent strategies including rallies, sit-ins, marches, and boycotts.
King famously led the Civil Rights Movement with a philosophy rooted in the nonviolent teachings of spiritual leaders and political activists, and his guidance was encapsulated within various documents of the period, such as commitment cards pledging adherence to nonviolent principles.