Final Answer:
There is no consensus on the definition of life, according to the text:
1. The reason there is no consensus on the definition of life, according to the text, is (b) Over 123 proposed definitions with varying perspectives.
2. The author was bothered about the initial definition of life based on the ability to reproduce because (c) It was too simple.
3. The essence of the difficulty in defining life in the text is described as (b) The arbitrary nature of all definitions and distinctions.
4. The NASA astrobiology lab's definition of life focuses on (d) Chemical processes.
5. The text argues that definitions of life are arbitrary because (b) Definitions are based on personal choice and derived from reality.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. The lack of consensus on the definition of life is attributed to the multitude of perspectives, as indicated by the existence of over 123 proposed definitions. This diversity of viewpoints and conceptualizations reflects the complexity and interdisciplinary nature of the topic.
2. The author found fault with the initial definition based on reproduction because it was considered too simplistic. The complexity of life extends beyond mere reproductive capabilities, and the author suggests that a more nuanced understanding is necessary.
3. The text highlights the arbitrary nature of definitions and distinctions in the quest to define life. This arbitrariness arises from the subjective and context-dependent nature of definitions, making it challenging to establish universally applicable criteria for life.
4. The NASA astrobiology lab's focus on chemical processes in its definition aligns with the contemporary understanding of life as fundamentally rooted in biochemistry. This emphasis reflects advancements in scientific knowledge and the recognition that life is intricately connected to chemical phenomena.
5. The text argues that definitions of life are arbitrary because they are based on personal choice and are derived from subjective perspectives of reality. The dynamic and evolving nature of scientific understanding contributes to the arbitrariness of these definitions, as interpretations can vary across individuals and contexts.