Final answer:
Stoicism's logos is a divine principle governing the universe and manifests as material rational causality, while Zhu Xi's li is a principle related to human behavior guidance and individual and social moral excellence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between Stoicism's logos and Zhu Xi's li (理) lies in their philosophical origins and implications. Stoicism, a school of Greek Philosophy with Semitic influences, posits the logos as the divine principle that orders the universe, seen as an immanent rational force intimately connected to nature and its material causality. By contrast, Zhu Xi, a Confucian thinker, defines li as the organizing principle intrinsic to objects that dictate their behavior, closely related to junzi (the exemplary ethical figure) and the path of self-perfection according to the dao (ethical way).
For the Stoics, the logos is akin to the divine 'Word' or reason that creates and sustains the material world. It is the animating reason within the universe, ascribing to the belief that everything is a material body in motion, capable of causing effects.
Meanwhile, in Confucian philosophy, li becomes an extensive guide for respectful human behavior, connected to virtues and moral excellence, and the blueprint for achieving harmony in the social world through prescribed customs and practices. Zhu Xi's li emphasizes the transformation of the individual and society to align with moral and social norms.