Question

I was running a synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles starting from a aqueous solution of TiCl4 2THF 0.125M at 80°C. Through a different experiment it was detemined that the maximum reaction yield was 96% at 30 minutes after the start (mixing of TiCl42THF with H2O at 80°C). THF is used in this complex just to prevent a strong exothermic mixing with water, but it doesn't take part in the reaction. Having said that, I thought that THF, after dissociating from the complex, was in the solution with a concentration of 0.25M. Since the temperature was 80°C and the boiling point of pure THF is 66°C, I considered the THF evaporating completely in 30 minutes. My problem is trying to demonstrate by a theoric approach that THF leave the system.

Answer 1

To theorize that THF evaporates in the reaction to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles, factors such as THF's boiling point, the reaction temperature, and evaporation dynamics can be considered. Evaporation models and principles like Raoult's Law and Dalton's Law support the possibility of THF's complete evaporation at 80°C over 30 minutes.

Step-by-step explanation:

Understanding the behavior of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) in a reaction system, especially its evaporation at elevated temperatures, is essential in chemical synthesis, particularly in the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles.

To theoretically demonstrate that THF leaves the system during the synthesis process, one would consider factors such as its boiling point, the temperature of the reaction system, and the partial pressure above the liquid.

Since the boiling point of THF is 66°C and the reaction is conducted at 80°C, the temperature of the system surpasses the boiling point of THF, suggesting that THF would exist as a vapor in the system.

Additionally, the evaporation rate is affected by parameters such as the surface area, the presence of inert gases, and the system's total pressure.

By applying Raoult's Law and Dalton's Law of partial pressures, and considering the potential for azeotropic behavior in mixtures, one could predict the phase change and determine if complete evaporation is plausible within the 30-minute window.

Furthermore, theoretical models that describe evaporation kinetics could be used to estimate the rate of THF loss from the system and validate experimental observations.