Final answer:
No special trivial names exist for the periods of the periodic table; they are typically referenced by their respective period numbers. For example, hydrogen and helium belong to period 1, while lanthanides and actinides are in periods 6 and 7.
Step-by-step explanation:
The periodic table organizes elements in order of increasing atomic number into horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns known as groups or families. Each group contains elements with similar chemical properties; for instance, alkali metals are found in Group 1, alkaline earth metals in Group 2, transition metals in Groups 3–12, halogens in Group 17, and noble gases in Group 18.
While special names exist for various groups, periods are generally referred to by number. However, there are no widely accepted special names for the horizontal periods as there are for groups.
For the first period, containing hydrogen and helium, there is no specific trivial name. These elements are generally referred to by their period number (period 1) or individually by their element names. The same applies to other periods, each identified by its number, such as period 6 and period 7 for the lanthanides and actinides respectively.