Question

What is the primary method of excretion in most fish, and why might some fish convert ammonia to urea for excretion?

a. Ureotelic; to control osmotic balance
b. Ammonotelic; to conserve energy
c. Ureotelic; to release excess ammonia
d. Ammonotelic; to maintain hyperosmolarity

What role does ATP hydrolysis play in fish contributing to acidosis, and in which steps of glycolysis does this process occur?
a. ATP hydrolysis releases H+ in glycolysis; occurs in the initial steps
b. ATP hydrolysis consumes H+ in glycolysis; occurs in the final steps
c. ATP hydrolysis releases H+ in glycolysis; occurs after 3-phosphoglycerate
d. ATP hydrolysis consumes H+ in glycolysis; occurs before 3-phosphoglycerate

Which type of microscope is suitable for viewing solid objects such as fleas, and what is a characteristic feature of these microscopes?
a. Conventional light microscope; high magnification
b. Reflected light microscope; low magnification
c. Dissection microscope; high magnification
d. Electron microscope; three-dimensional imaging

What is the estimated energy cost of osmotic regulation in fish, and why might some fish directly excrete ammonia instead of using urea?
a. 5-10% of standard metabolism; for efficient energy use
b. 10-15% of standard metabolism; to conserve water
c. 20-25% of standard metabolism; for rapid osmotic balance
d. 15-20% of standard metabolism; to avoid urea retention

For bacterial identification under a microscope, why is staining necessary, and what are common stains used for this purpose?
a. Staining enhances bacterial growth; crystal violet and iodine
b. Staining reveals bacterial structure; Giemsa and Saffronin
c. Staining improves microscope resolution; toluidine blue and malachite green
d. Staining aids in bacterial visualization; iodine and potassium hydroxide

Which sample is suitable for observing bacteria under a microscope, and why might directly examining skin samples not be effective?
a. Skin swab; high bacterial abundance
b. Blood smear; low bacterial interference
c. Pure isolate from agar plate; minimal contamination
d. Direct skin scraping; limited bacterial concentration

What alternative method is suggested for observing stomata on a leaf under a microscope, and what do stomata typically look like?
a. Peeling off the leaf skin; paired lips
b. Using clear nail polish; circular structures
c. Cross-section of the leaf; vascular bundles
d. Dry moss observation; translucent wet tissue

Why is caution advised when attempting to identify parasites in fecal samples under a microscope, and what risk is associated with this process?
a. Low risk of infection; minimal expertise required
b. High risk of contamination; potential self-infection
c. Low risk of self-infection; easy screening process
d. High risk of infection; simple screening method

Answer 1

The primary method of excretion in most fish is ammonia, but some fish convert ammonia to urea for excretion. ATP hydrolysis releases H+ ions in glycolysis and occurs in the initial steps. The most suitable microscope for viewing solid objects such as fleas is a dissection microscope, and staining is necessary for bacterial identification. Skin swabs are suitable for observing bacteria, and caution is advised when identifying parasites in fecal samples.

Step-by-step explanation:

The primary method of excretion in most fish is ammonia. However, some fish convert ammonia to urea for excretion. Fish that convert ammonia to urea are called ureotelic, and they do this to control osmotic balance. By converting ammonia to urea, these fish can release the excess ammonia from their bodies.

ATP hydrolysis plays a role in fish contributing to acidosis in glycolysis. Specifically, ATP hydrolysis releases H+ ions in glycolysis. This process occurs in the initial steps of glycolysis.

The most suitable microscope for viewing solid objects such as fleas is a dissection microscope. A characteristic feature of these microscopes is high magnification.

The estimated energy cost of osmotic regulation in fish is 5-10% of standard metabolism. Some fish directly excrete ammonia instead of using urea because it is a more efficient energy-use method.

Staining is necessary for bacterial identification under a microscope because it aids in bacterial visualization. Common stains used for this purpose include crystal violet, iodine, Giemsa, Saffronin, toluidine blue, and malachite green.

A skin swab is suitable for observing bacteria under a microscope because it has a high bacterial abundance. Directly examining skin samples may not be effective because they have a limited bacterial concentration.

An alternative method for observing stomata on a leaf under a microscope is by using clear nail polish. Stomata typically look like circular structures.

Caution is advised when attempting to identify parasites in fecal samples under a microscope because there is a high risk of contamination. This process is associated with potential self-infection.