Question

What is the relationship between the skin microbiome and atopic dermatitis (AD)?

a. The skin microbiome in AD is characterized by increased biodiversity
b. AD is associated with a reduction in microbial diversity in affected areas
c. Staphylococcus aureus levels are reduced in AD-affected skin
d. AD has no significant impact on the skin microbiome

Which of the following is elevated in the skin microbiome of individuals with atopic dermatitis?
a. High levels of beneficial bacteria
b. Elevated levels of Staphylococcus aureus
c. Increased diversity of microbial species
d. No change in microbial composition

Atopic dermatitis is linked to an immunodeficiency disorder. What is the primary impact of this immunodeficiency on the skin?
a. Increased resistance to microbial colonization
b. Enhanced immune response to external pathogens
c. Impaired ability to fight infections
d. No impact on the immune system

How does the epidermal protein filaggrin relate to atopic dermatitis?
a. Filaggrin levels are elevated in individuals with AD
b. Filaggrin is not associated with AD
c. AD is linked to a dysfunction in filaggrin
d. Filaggrin deficiency promotes microbial diversity

What role does genetics play in the onset of atopic dermatitis?
a. AD is solely influenced by environmental factors
b. Genetic predisposition is a significant factor in AD
c. Genetics have no impact on AD development
d. Only childhood-onset AD is influenced by genetics

How might age of onset distinguish subtypes of atopic dermatitis?
a. Early-onset AD is solely due to genetic factors
b. Late-onset AD is primarily caused by environmental factors
c. Both childhood and adult-onset AD may have genetic and environmental influences
d. The age of onset has no relevance to AD subtypes

What is a common outcome for individuals with atopic dermatitis in terms of other health conditions?
a. Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases
b. Lower susceptibility to asthma development
c. Reduced likelihood of developing comorbidities
d. Increased risk of asthma development

In the context of atopic dermatitis, is microbial colonization considered a symptom or a cause of protein dysfunction?
a. Microbial colonization is a cause of protein dysfunction
b. Protein dysfunction is a cause of microbial colonization
c. There is no relationship between microbial colonization and protein dysfunction
d. Both microbial colonization and protein dysfunction are independent factors in AD

What are potential factors influencing the variability in atopic dermatitis subtypes?
a. Genetic predisposition only
b. Environmental factors only
c. Both genetic and environmental factors
d. No identifiable factors contribute to AD variability

For a comprehensive literature review on atopic dermatitis, which sources would be most valuable?
a. Textbooks on dermatology
b. Recent research articles and reviews in dermatology journals
c. General medical encyclopedias
d. Popular science magazines and websites

Answer 1

The relationship between the skin microbiome and atopic dermatitis involves a reduction in microbial diversity in AD-affected areas. The immunodeficiency associated with atopic dermatitis impairs the skin's ability to fight infections.

Step-by-step explanation:

The relationship between the skin microbiome and atopic dermatitis (AD) is that b. AD is associated with a reduction in microbial diversity in affected areas. In individuals with atopic dermatitis, the skin microbiome is characterized by a lower diversity of microbial species compared to healthy skin. This reduction in microbial diversity is thought to contribute to the development and exacerbation of AD.

The primary impact of the immunodeficiency associated with atopic dermatitis on the skin is c. impaired ability to fight infections. Individuals with AD have a weakened immune system, making them more susceptible to infections on the skin. This impaired immune response can contribute to the persistence and severity of AD symptoms.

Filaggrin, an epidermal protein, is linked to atopic dermatitis as c. AD is linked to a dysfunction in filaggrin. Filaggrin deficiency is common in individuals with AD and has been associated with an increased risk of developing the condition. The dysfunction in filaggrin impairs the skin barrier function, leading to increased moisture loss and susceptibility to allergens and irritants.