Question

What effect does sympathetic activation have on blood vessels in the systemic circulation during exercise?

a. Constricts arteries and veins
b. Dilates arteries and veins
c. Constricts arteries, dilates veins
d. Dilates arteries, constricts veins

Which adrenergic receptors are responsible for vasoconstriction in the veins during sympathetic activation?
a. Alpha 1
b. Beta 1
c. Beta 2
d. Alpha 2

Why does vasoconstriction of veins contribute to increased venous return during sympathetic activation?
a. It decreases pressure in the veins
b. It enhances blood flow in the veins
c. It promotes blood storage in the veins
d. It improves venous drainage

How do beta adrenergic receptors contribute to vasodilation during sympathetic activation?
a. By increasing resistance in the arteries
b. By causing vasoconstriction in the veins
c. By enhancing blood flow in the arteries
d. By decreasing blood pressure in the veins

During fear, why does the sympathetic nervous system cause vasoconstriction in the arteries of the skin?
a. To increase blood flow to the skin
b. To enhance perfusion to the skin
c. To centralize blood to the brain and muscles
d. To promote blood storage in the skin vessels

What is the primary goal of sympathetic activation in terms of blood distribution during fear?
a. To promote perfusion in all body parts
b. To centralize blood to the skin
c. To enhance blood flow to non-essential organs
d. To centralize blood to vital organs and muscles

How does sympathetic activation impact the heart's pumping activity during exercise?
a. It decreases the stroke volume
b. It increases venous return
c. It has no effect on pumping activity
d. It improves the stroke volume

Answer 1

During exercise, sympathetic activation dilates arteries and constricts veins to increase blood flow to active skeletal muscles. Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors are responsible for vasoconstriction in the veins during sympathetic activation. Vasoconstriction of veins contributes to increased venous return by increasing blood flow back to the heart. Beta adrenergic receptors enhance blood flow in the arteries, promoting vasodilation during sympathetic activation. During fear, the sympathetic nervous system causes vasoconstriction in the arteries of the skin to centralize blood to the brain and muscles. The primary goal of sympathetic activation in blood distribution during fear is to centralize blood to vital organs and muscles. Finally, sympathetic activation during exercise improves the stroke volume of the heart, leading to increased cardiac output.

Step-by-step explanation:

Effect on Blood Vessels in Systemic Circulation During Exercise:

Sympathetic activation during exercise dilates arteries and constricts veins. This helps to increase blood flow to the active skeletal muscles.

Vasoconstriction of Veins during Sympathetic Activation:

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors are responsible for vasoconstriction in the veins during sympathetic activation.

Impact of Vasoconstriction of Veins on Venous Return:

Vasoconstriction of veins during sympathetic activation contributes to increased venous return by increasing blood flow back to the heart.

Contribution of Beta Adrenergic Receptors to Vasodilation:

Beta adrenergic receptors contribute to vasodilation during sympathetic activation by enhancing blood flow in the arteries.

Sympathetic Nervous System's Effect on Arteries in the Skin during Fear:

The sympathetic nervous system causes vasoconstriction in the arteries of the skin during fear to centralize blood to the brain and muscles.

Primary Goal of Sympathetic Activation in Blood Distribution during Fear:

The primary goal of sympathetic activation during fear is to centralize blood to vital organs and muscles by reducing blood flow to non-essential organs.

Impact of Sympathetic Activation on Heart's Pumping Activity during Exercise:

Sympathetic activation during exercise improves the stroke volume of the heart, leading to increased cardiac output.