Final answer:
The neural tube in embryonic development is the precursor to the central nervous system, forming from the neuroectoderm and eventually differentiating into the brain and spinal cord, as well as influencing the formation of peripheral structures through the neural crest.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the embryological development of the human eye, the role of the neural tube is significant because it is the precursor to the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. Initially, during development, a region of the ectoderm differentiates into the neuroectoderm, which later forms the neural plate. This neural plate undergoes a process where it folds inward, creating a neural groove that is bordered by neural folds. As these neural folds come together, the neural tube forms beneath the ectoderm. This neural tube is essential as its anterior end will develop into the brain, while the posterior portion will become the spinal cord. During this time, the neural crest also develops, which gives rise to peripheral structures including components of the peripheral nervous system and non-nervous tissues like craniofacial cartilage and bone.