Final answer:
The New Negro poet known for using black vernacular traditions in his work is Langston Hughes. His poetry is heavily influenced by African American experiences, especially those marked by marginalization in the North, and is central to the Harlem Renaissance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The New Negro poet whose work drew on black vernacular traditions, such as the blues, is Langston Hughes.
Langston Hughes, a major figure during the Harlem Renaissance, encapsulated the spirit and culture of African Americans in his writings. Raised in the Midwest, Hughes's poetry frequently addressed the marginalization that African Americans experienced in the North and became a profound voice for racial dignity and affirmation. His use of jazz rhythms and black vernacular made his poetry resonate deeply with the African American experience, earning him a central place in American literature.
Hughes's ability to weave the challenges and triumphs of African American life into powerful literary works made him a standout figure during the Harlem Renaissance, aligning with the assertive ideology of Alain Locke's 'The New Negro'. His work not only celebrated African American culture but also explored the complex issues of race and identity in America.