Final answer:
Temporal isolation happens when populations of the same species breed at different times, often due to mutations or environmental changes, leading to reproductive isolation. Geographic separation can lead to allopatric speciation, where populations evolve independently due to natural selection and genetic drift.
Step-by-step explanation:
Temporal isolation occurs when members of the same species have different breeding times, making it impossible for them to interbreed. This form of reproductive isolation can be caused by mutations or by changes in the environment that lead to different reproductive cycles within a population. For example, two populations of frogs might live in the same area but breed during different months, thus, they cannot interbreed due to their different breeding schedules.
When it comes to allopatric speciation, populations become geographically separated, leading to a lack of gene flow. Over time, due to natural selection, genetic drift, and mutations, these populations diverge and may become distinct species.
An event like a flood might physically divide a population, as shown with the cricket example, setting the stage for allopatric speciation.Temporal isolation is a type of reproductive isolation that occurs when individuals of the same species have different breeding schedules and therefore do not have the opportunity to mate. This can lead to the population being separated into two groups that reproduce at different times. For example, two species of frogs may inhabit the same area but have different breeding seasons, with one species reproducing from January to March and the other from March to May.This type of isolation can be caused by various factors, including environmental conditions, hormonal changes, and natural selection. It does not necessarily require mutations, although mutations can play a role in the divergence of populations over time. Over generations, differences in breeding schedules can accumulate and eventually lead to the development of new species.