Final answer:
Romanticism is the movement that glorified nature, common people, exotic places, and the historical past, emerging as a reaction to industrialization and emphasizing emotion and individualism in art and literature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The artistic and literary movement that glorified nature, common people, exotic places, and the historical past is Romanticism.
This movement emerged as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment, emphasizing emotion, the glorification of the past, the natural landscape, and a focus on the individual's relationship with nature. Romanticism favored expressive brushwork, brilliant colors, and subjects that evoked intense emotion or contemplation.
Key figures in Romanticism include artists such as Delacroix and Turner, as well as literary figures like William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Their works reflected a yearning for the sublime and a nostalgia for a simpler, more heroic past. The movement represented a shift from the rigid structures of neoclassicism and the emphasis on reason that characterized the Enlightenment.