Final answer:
The crusading movement aimed to reclaim the Holy Lands and led to the development of religious tensions and brutal massacres due to its violent conquests. The Crusades also stimulated trade, cultural exchanges, and the expansion of European political realms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Crusading Movement Goals and Unintended Consequences
The stated goals of the crusading movement were primarily to reclaim the Holy Lands, including Jerusalem, from Muslim control. Pope Urban II initiated the First Crusade with the aim of capturing Jerusalem, which was achieved in 1099 amid great bloodshed. Alongside these spiritual objectives were the political and economic ambitions of expanding Christendom and attaining wealth and lands. The unintended consequences of the Crusades were significant and numerous, and they included the development of long-standing religious tensions, the massacre of innocents, and the fostering of a legacy of hostility between Christians and Muslims that would persist into modern times.
On the positive side, the Crusades stimulated trade and led to cultural exchanges between the East and West. Crusaders brought back goods like silk and sugar, which were new to Europe at that time. Political realms expanded, with new kingdoms forming in parts of Europe. Yet, the Crusades also exemplified the abuse of the concept of "just war," with its violent methods and disregard for non-combatants.
Hence, the correct response to the question concerning the stated goals and unintended consequences of the crusading movement is b) Goals included reclaiming holy lands; unintended consequences involved religious tensions and massacres.