Question

How did members of the ulama engage in debates and collaboration across the Muslim world?

a) Through diplomatic channels
b) Via maritime trade
c) Utilizing religious conferences
d) By military conquests

Answer 1

Members of the ulama engaged in debates and collaboration across the Muslim world through religious conferences, where they shared letters and observations and sought counsel from colleagues.

Step-by-step explanation:

Members of the ulama engaged in debates and collaboration across the Muslim world through religious conferences. Despite the absence of centralized political authority, communication across long distances was possible in the Islamic world because Arabic, the language of the Quran, served for most scholarly and administrative purposes. Scholars, traders, and members of the ulama shared letters and observations, enabling them to compare their work and seek counsel from colleagues they might never meet.