Final answer:
Jean Paul Sartre was an existentialist philosopher who argued for radical free will, asserting that humans are 'condemned to be free' and bear the responsibility for the choices they make in shaping their essence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jean Paul Sartre was a prominent philosopher, writer, and a leading figure in the existentialist movement following World War II. His philosophy centered on the concept of radical free will and the assertion that 'existence precedes essence', which means that humans are first born without a predetermined essence and then are free to make their own choices and determine their own nature.
The correct answer to the student's question is b) Sartre was an existentialist who believed in radical free will. Sartre posited that humans are 'condemned to be free', indicating that free will is an inherent aspect of human existence. This view differs significantly from determinism, the belief that all events, including moral choices, are determined by previously existing causes. Sartre's notion of radical freedom carries with it immense responsibility, as one is always responsible for what is made of oneself.