Final answer:
Dendrites are the structures within neurons that are responsible for receiving signals from other neurons. They contain dendritic spines which increase the neuron's capacity to form multiple synaptic connections, essential for neuronal communication.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit signals between the body and the brain. One of the key components of a neuron is the dendrites, which are responsible for receiving signals from other neurons. The structure of dendrites is such that they have tree-like extensions to increase surface area, allowing for multiple synaptic connections. This is important for the proper communication between neurons.
When a signal reaches the dendritic spines, it is then transmitted to the cell body, or soma. Synapses allow for the chemical signals to be passed between neurons. It's at the synapses that neurons can transfer impulses to each other, greatly facilitating neural communication. After dendrites receive these signals, the information is processed in the soma and then transmitted away from the soma down the neuron's axon to reach another cell's dendrites, thus continuing the cycle of communication.
Thus, the correct answer to the initial question is b) Dendrites, as they are the specific structures on the neurons that receive signals from other neurons.