Final answer:
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is not stored in the body and is excreted in the urine if taken in excess, while phosphorous is stored in the body and is crucial for various physiological functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin is d) Vitamin C. Water-soluble vitamins include the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C. These vitamins are easily absorbed with water in the gastrointestinal tract and move through bodily fluids. Unlike fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body and excess amounts are typically excreted through urine, thus reducing the risk of hypervitaminosis.
In contrast, elements like phosphorous are stored in the body, and it is an essential mineral that is part of bone and teeth structure, DNA, and plays a role in energy production.