Final answer:
Plant species that complete their lifecycle in one season are known as annuals. Biennials take two seasons to complete their lifecycle, and perennials take two years or more. Polycarpic plants can flower multiple times, whereas monocarpic plants flower just once regardless of their lifespan.
Step-by-step explanation:
Plant species that complete their lifecycle in one season are known as annuals. An example of such a plant is Arabidopsis, commonly referred to as mouse-ear cress. In contrast, biennials like carrots complete their lifecycle over two seasons: a vegetative phase in the first and a reproductive one in the next. Meanwhile, perennials take two years or more to complete their lifecycle, with magnolias being an exemplar. Monocarpic plants may follow the biennial pattern, but they could also be annuals or perennials that, regardless of lifespan, only flower once before dying, such as bamboos or yuccas. Lastly, polycarpic plants are usually perennials, capable of flowering multiple times across a longer lifespan, which includes many fruit trees like apples and oranges.