Final answer:
None of the statements provided are true. Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles, eukaryotes possess a true nucleus, archaea are prokaryotes, not eukaryotes, and viruses are not considered living organisms because they cannot independently reproduce or metabolize. Option E.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that is true from the options given is: none. Let us review each statement to understand why:
A) Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles: This is false. Prokaryotes, which include bacteria and archaea, do not have membrane-bound organelles.
B) Eukaryotes lack a true nucleus: This is false. Eukaryotes have a well-defined, membrane-bound nucleus, which contains their genetic material.
C) Archaea are a type of eukaryote: This is false. Archaea belong to their domain and are a type of prokaryote.
D) Viruses are considered living organisms: This is generally considered false, as viruses do not meet all the criteria for life, such as the ability to independently reproduce and metabolize. They require a host cell to replicate and are often described as existing at the edge of life.
The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells, not prokaryotic cells. While prokaryotes do contain DNA, it's not contained within a nucleus.
Also, not all single-celled organisms are prokaryotes; some, like certain algae and protozoa, are single-celled eukaryotes.
Finally, comparing archaea and bacteria - both are prokaryotes, but they are distinct from each other and archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes.
Hence, the right answer is option E.
The complete question is:
Which of these statements is true?
a) Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles
b) Eukaryotes lack a true nucleus
c) Archaea are a type of eukaryote
d) Viruses are considered living organisms
e) None of the statement is true