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Which is true of DNA viruses?

a) They use reverse transcriptase.
b) They replicate in the host cytoplasm.
c) They only infect prokaryotic cells.
d) They often integrate their genome into the host's DNA.

User Chrystyna
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1 Answer

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Final answer:

DNA viruses typically use the host's cellular machinery to replicate their DNA, which is transcribed into RNA before protein production. Retroviruses, erroneously grouped with DNA viruses, actually have an RNA genome and require the enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA into DNA. Many, but not all, DNA viruses integrate their genome into the host cell's DNA.

Step-by-step explanation:

DNA viruses can be placed in either Group I or Group VI of the Baltimore classification scheme. Group I viruses have a DNA genome from which they transcribe RNA, exploiting the host's cellular machinery for reproduction. On the other hand, Group VI viruses, also known as retroviruses, use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA from an RNA template before replication can occur. It's noteworthy that Group VI viruses are RNA viruses and the use of reverse transcriptase is unique to them. Therefore, the statement that DNA viruses use reverse transcriptase (option a) does not apply to all DNA viruses but specifically to retroviruses which actually are RNA viruses.

Moving on to other points, DNA viruses do not only infect prokaryotic cells; they also infect eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, DNA viruses typically replicate inside the nucleus, although there are exceptions like the poxviruses, which replicate in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, it is not true that DNA viruses are the only kind of viruses that can cause cancer or that they are not important plant pathogens. However, many DNA viruses do often integrate their genome into the host's DNA, especially in the case of persistent infections where the viral genome must be maintained for long periods within the host.

User Steve Schnepp
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