Final answer:
Linkage analysis determines the distance between linked genes on a chromosome by examining the frequency of crossing over that occurs between them. It is used to construct a linkage map that depicts gene locations and their relative distances.
Correct option is a) Determines the distance between linked genes on a chromosome
Step-by-step explanation:
Linkage analysis is a methodology used to determine the distance between linked genes on a chromosome. It operates on the principle that genes close to each other on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together due to minimal crossing over. Conversely, genes farther apart are more likely to undergo genetic recombination and thus appear in different gametes at a higher frequency. The essential concept behind linkage analysis is that the frequency of crossing-over between two genes can be used to elucidate their distance from one another, ultimately helping to construct a linkage map which reveals their relative positions on a chromosome.
To construct a linkage map, one would examine the offspring from a genetic cross for nonparental genotypes that arise due to crossing over during meiosis, which indicates recombination. Then, by analyzing this recombination frequency, geneticists can infer the positions and distances of genes relative to each other on a chromosome.