Final answer:
Economic events that can change aggregate demand without government policy include global economic recessions, shifts in consumer confidence, technological advancements, significant changes in input prices like oil, natural disasters disrupting production, and exchange rate fluctuations affecting exports.
Step-by-step explanation:
Aggregate demand represents the total demand for goods and services within an economy at a given overall price level and in a given time period. Changes in aggregate demand can occur due to a variety of economic events that are not related to government policy. Global economic recessions can significantly reduce aggregate demand as businesses and consumers cut back on spending. A fall in consumer confidence can lead to reduced consumption and a decrease in aggregate demand. Additionally, technological breakthroughs can increase productivity, impacting investment and demand patterns without any direct governmental influence.
Moreover, events such as a significant change in the price of oil can affect transportation and production costs, thus shifting aggregate demand. Large-scale natural disasters can also disrupt production and supply chains, leading to changes in aggregate demand. Lastly, changes in foreign exchange rates can make exports more or less competitive internationally, which impacts the level of aggregate demand through the net exports component.