Final answer:
Hormonal methods are the most effective type of short-term contraceptive method compared to others such as barrier methods, emergency contraception, and behavioral methods.
correct option is b) Hormonal methods
Step-by-step explanation:
When comparing types of short-term contraceptive methods, hormonal methods are generally more effective than other methods such as barrier methods, emergency contraception, and behavioral methods. Hormonal contraceptives prevent ovulation through the administration of hormones which can be delivered via pills, patches, or injections. Included in the category of hormonal methods are birth control pills that contain either a combination of estrogen and progesterone, or progesterone only. With typical use, hormonal methods have a lower failure rate than barrier methods like condoms or diaphragms.
Intrauterine devices (IUDs), although not a short-term method, represent one of the most effective forms of reversible contraception. IUDs are small T-shaped devices that are inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider and can remain in place for several years. Barrier methods, such as condoms, cervical caps, and diaphragms, physically block sperm from meeting an egg but have a higher typical-use failure rate compared to hormonal methods and IUDs. The typical effectiveness of contraception methods in ascending order from least to most effective is: behavioral methods (including withdrawal and fertility awareness), barrier methods (like male condoms), hormonal methods (such as the birth control pill), and IUDs.
Lastly, if a newly developed method of contraception had a 35 percent failure rate, it would not be considered an effective method as this indicates that 35 out of 100 people using this method would become pregnant within the first year.