Final answer:
Bribery harms individuals, corporations, governments, NGOs, and competitors by undermining trust, fair competition, and efficient markets, leading to a wide array of negative consequences across various sectors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bribery can cause harm to a variety of entities, not just individuals. Aside from personal harm, bribery negatively affects corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and competitors in the market. When bribery occurs, it tends to undermine trust in business transactions, leads to unfair competition, distorts market mechanisms, and can result in a general breakdown of ethical standards across sectors.
For instance, when corporations are involved in bribery, it isn't just a single entity that suffers. The effect can ripple across the economy, affecting competitor businesses, which are denied a fair chance to compete, and can lead to inefficient markets. Governments, too, suffer from bribery, as it undermines the rule of law and can lead to the misallocation of resources.
NGOs may also be damaged by bribery, as it challenges their credibility and ability to function effectively, often undermining their missions. Finally, corporations embroiled in bribery can find their reputations harmed, which can result in profound financial and market position losses due to decreased trust from consumers and investors.