Final answer:
Rawlsian justice theory requires a c. proportional distribution of goods that benefits the least advantaged, which can be challenging to implement and measure in practice.
Step-by-step explanation:
The challenges that Rawlsian justice theory presents when it comes to the redistribution of goods and services in society relate primarily to its stance on how goods should be distributed. Specifically, Rawls's difference principle posits that while inequalities can exist, they must satisfy two conditions: first, they should be attached to positions of advantage open to all, and second, they should benefit the least advantaged members of society. This creates a challenge because it requires a systemic approach to determine what distributions are fair and just, especially since it neither supports strict equality nor allows for unchecked inequalities.
Rawlsian justice theory does not simply demand equal distribution (b) or oppose redistribution (a); instead, it aims at a proportional distribution (c) that is mindful of the least well-off in society. This principle presents practical challenges in measuring the effects of particular distributions and ensuring that the conditions for a just society as described by Rawls are met. Critics argue that Rawls's approach may be too idealistic or difficult to implement successfully in complex societies.