Final answer:
Total lung capacity (TLC) is calculated as the sum of residual volume, expiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and inspiratory reserve volume, corresponding to option d) from the given choices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The total lung capacity (TLC) is a key measurement in pulmonary function testing and represents the total volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation. According to the information given, TLC is calculated as the sum of the following lung volumes: residual volume, expiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and inspiratory reserve volume. Therefore, the correct formula to calculate the total lung capacity is:
- residual volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
This aligns with option d) from the provided multiple-choice answers: residual volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume.