Final answer:
Populations that have violated the conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are those with no migration and populations with constant allele frequencies.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it must meet certain conditions. These conditions include no mutation, no migration, a very large population size, random mating, and no natural selection. If any of these conditions are violated, the population is not in equilibrium. Therefore, the populations that have violated the conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:
a) A population with no migration
d) A population with constant allele frequencies