Final answer:
The flow of information in protein synthesis follows the central dogma from DNA to RNA to protein, involving the transcription of DNA into mRNA and the translation of mRNA into protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
The flow of information for the synthesis of proteins according to the central dogma is from DNA to RNA to protein. This process begins with the transcription of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA), followed by the translation of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids, which then fold to form a protein. This clear and systematic process is foundational in molecular biology. In transcription, DNA acts as a template for the creation of mRNA. During translation, each trio of nucleotides (codon) in the mRNA corresponds to one specific amino acid. This is how the genetic code in DNA ultimately determines the structure and function of proteins. Transcription and translation are critical steps in gene expression.