Final answer:
Binary fission in prokaryotic cells lacks the mitosis (Option A) phase including its subphases (e.g., prophase, prometaphase, etc.), S phase, and the distinct G₁ and G₂ phases, which are present in the eukaryotic cell cycle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of several phases, which include the G₁ phase where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication, the S phase where DNA duplication occurs, the G₂ phase where the cell prepares for mitosis, and finally the mitotic phase.
The mitotic phase can be further divided into subphases, such as prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, followed by cytokinesis.
In contrast, binary fission in prokaryotes is a more simplified process and does not include these specific phases.
Binary fission lacks a distinct mitosis stage, where the nucleus divides through these complex subphases, and also lacks an S phase, since the method of DNA replication is different in prokaryotes.
Both G₁ and G₂ phases are not present in binary fission because prokaryotic cells do not undergo the same preparatory stages as eukaryotic cells do before cell division.
Hence, the correct answer is: mitosis (Option A).