Question

The island of Madagascar is located in the tropics 300 miles east of the coast of Africa, from which it separated 165 million years ago. It is characterized by a large number of endemic species. What are the main reasons that Madagascar is a hot spot of endemic biodiversity?

a. Madagascar has a climate that is more conducive to evolution than the larger African continent.
b. Madagascar is close to the tropics of Africa and consequently has a large number of species.
c. Madagascar shows species diversity of both temperate and tropical regions.
d. Madagascar has been isolated geographically and species evolved there without interaction with outside influences.

Answer 1

Madagascar's unique biodiversity is chiefly the result of its long-term geographical isolation, distinct ecosystems shaped by varied climates across the island, and the evolution of species without outside influences. These aspects have contributed to making Madagascar a haven for endemic species, emphasizing its importance as a biodiversity hotspot.

Step-by-step explanation:

The island of Madagascar is renowned for its endemic biodiversity, and the main reasons for this include its geographical isolation, diverse habitats, and unique environmental conditions. After breaking away from Africa around 165 million years ago, Madagascar has evolved a rich array of endemic species, from the numerous types of lemurs to various tropical birds, which have developed in the absence of external competition and predators.

Additionally, the stark contrast between the tropical rainforests on the east coast and the drier western regions, due to the rain shadow effect of the central highlands, has created varied ecosystems within the island itself. Despite facing significant deforestation and losing much of its original biodiversity, Madagascar remains a critical site for conservation efforts, shining as a global biodiversity hotspot due to its irreplaceable natural heritage.