Final answer:
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell engulfs a large foreign particle, and it is a type of endocytosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which a cell engulfs a foreign particle is known as phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis, which is a form of active transport. During phagocytosis, a cell surrounds a large particle with its membrane, eventually pinching off to form an intracellular vacuole that contains the particle. This allows the cell to take in macromolecules, cells, cell fragments, or even microorganisms from the extracellular environment. It is considered relatively nonselective compared to other types of endocytosis such as pinocytosis, which involves the intake of extracellular fluid and solutes, or receptor-mediated endocytosis, which targets specific substances recognized by cell-surface receptors.