Final answer:
Hormones such as aldosterone and ADH play vital roles in regulating blood pressure and volume by affecting sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hormones play a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure, blood volume, and kidney function. Among them, aldosterone is key in increasing sodium reabsorption which affects both blood pressure and volume. As blood sodium ion concentrations, volume, or pressure decrease, or blood potassium levels increase, aldosterone is released, prompting the kidneys to reabsorb more sodium ions and thus water, increasing blood volume and pressure.
Another hormone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is essential for water regulation. Released from the pituitary, ADH promotes water reabsorption by increasing the permeability of the kidney's collecting ducts to water. This happens through the insertion of aquaporin water channels into cell membranes, allowing for more water to be absorbed back into the bloodstream, thereby affecting blood volume and pressure.
Renin is a catalyst that activates the production of angiotensin II which stimulates the release of ADH and aldosterone, further affecting blood pressure and volume. Additionally, angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, causing blood vessels to narrow and thus increasing blood pressure. Due to their essential roles, these hormones ensure the fine-tuning of renal function, fluid balance, and cardiovascular health.
The correct option is C.