Question

Why do electrolyte ions move across membranes by active transport?

a) To move against their concentration gradient
b) To maintain equilibrium
c) To facilitate passive diffusion
d) To increase membrane permeability

Answer 1

Electrolyte ions move across membranes via active transport to move against their concentration gradient, which requires energy from ATP.

Step-by-step explanation:

Electrolyte ions move across membranes by active transport primarily to move against their concentration gradient. Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP conversion, carrier proteins, or pumps to transfer ions from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration, which is essential for maintaining the necessary concentration of ions inside cells. This process is crucial because without active transport, it would be impossible to maintain specific concentrations of ions. The energy for active transport comes from ATP generated through cellular metabolism, and these mechanisms are sensitive to metabolic poisons that interfere with ATP supply. Transport proteins involved in active transport include uniporters, symporters, and antiporters, which can transport various substances, including electrolytes, across the cell membrane.