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Many neurons have only a single axon, but many terminals at the end of the axon. How does this end structure of the axon support its function?

a) It reduces the capacity for neurotransmitter release.
b) It slows down neural communication.
c) It enhances the communication with multiple target cells.
d) It limits the communication with other neurons.

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Final answer:

The multiple terminals at the end of an axon enhance its communication with numerous target cells by allowing the coordinated release of neurotransmitters to initiate new action potentials in these cells.

Step-by-step explanation:

The end structure of an axon, characterized by multiple terminals, supports its function by enhancing the communication with multiple target cells, which is reflected in option (c). Each axon terminal forms a synapse with a target cell, allowing for the transmission of neurotransmitter molecules to dendrites or cell bodies of other neurons, or to effectors like muscle and gland cells. These multiple contacts greatly increase a neuron's capacity to communicate with numerous cells simultaneously.

When an action potential reaches the axon terminals, it triggers the release of neurotransmitter stored within synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitter then crosses the synaptic cleft, binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, and may initiate a new action potential, continuing the signal transmission process. This arrangement allows for a single neuron to have an extensive influence over its target cells, efficiently coordinating complex physiological responses.

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